More reading: thinking models

Forced perspective rows of rectangles, representing bookshelves and everything they could contain.
Stacks of informtion/rectangles leading into the distance. Image by the author, 2025.

This is what I had pulled together for Garbage in, garbage out.

Scientific method

Allain, R. (2013, April 1). What’s Wrong With the Scientific Method? Wired.

Brian Hepburn, H. A. (2021, June 1). Scientific Method. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

Ellerton, P. (2016, September 14). What exactly is the scientific method and why do so many people get it wrong? The Conversation.

How To Spot Bad Science. Farnum Street.

Oreskes, N. (2021, July 1). If you say “science is right,” you’re wrong. Scientific American.

Oreskes, N. (2021b, August 1). Why bad science is sometimes more appealing than good science. Scientific American.

Sagan, C. (2011). Demon-haunted world: Science as a candle in the dark. Ballantine Books.

Wikipedia contributors. Scientific method. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.

Triangulation

Bhandari, P. (2023, June 22).Triangualtion in Research Guides, Types, Examples. Scribber.

Triangulation in qualitative research: A comprehensive guide [2025]. Looppanel.com.

Critical thinking

Defining critical thinking. Criticalthinking.org.

Hitchcock, D. (2024). Critical Thinking. In E. N. Zalta & U. Nodelman (Eds.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2024). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University.

Novella, S. (2012). Your Deceptive Mind: A Scientific Guide to Critical Thinking Skills. Teaching Company.

Research in general

Conroy, G. (2019, December 10). The 7 deadly sins of research: The most common stumbling blocks. Nature.com.

Webb, N. G. (2017). Survey: Leading Questions. In The SAGE Encyclopedia of Communication Research Methods. SAGE Publications, Inc.

Thinking and systems

Grant, A. (2023). Think again: The power of knowing what you don’t know. Penguin.

Pinker, S. (2019). Enlightenment now: The case for reason, science, humanism, and progress. Penguin.

Taleb, N. N. (2013). Antifragile: Things that gain from disorder. Penguin Books.

Wright, D., & Meadows, D. H. H. (2012). Thinking in Systems: A Primer. Routledge.